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The Eastern Front, 1941-45 : German Troops and the Barbarization of Warfare (St. Antony's Series) | Omer Bartov | Social Factors Of Wehrmacht Participation In Barbarossa!
 
 


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The Eastern Front, 1941-45 : German Troops and the Barbarization of Warfare (St. Antony's Series)
Omer Bartov

Palgrave Macmillan, 2001 - 248 pages

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Based largely upon unpublished sources, Omer Bartov's study looks closely at the background of the German army on the Eastern Front during the Second World War. He describes the physical hardship, the discipline and morale at the front, and analyzes the social, educational, and political background of the junior officers who formed the backbone of the German army. Only with these factors in mind, together with the knowledge of the extent of National Socialist indoctrination, can we begin to explain the criminal activities of the German army in Russia and the extent of involvement of the army in the execution of Hitler's brutal policies.



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The Shocking Facts

An excellent presentation of this sad and tragic chapter in German history.


Social Factors Of Wehrmacht Participation In Barbarossa!

This is a very interesting and quite different approach to experiencing the events of the Second World War. It is interesting in the fact that it comprises a sort of social history of the members of the Wehrmacht, or regular German army itself. So, this then is a fascinating if somewhat oddly focused study of the war along the eastern front from the viewpoint of the German foot soldier. It is often frightening and revealing, especially when one considers the fact that the author actually survived over five years of combat. So, although the writing style is a bit stiff and belabored, it is well worth the effort.

Given its attempt to be both more rigorous scientifically and paying attention to the details that comprise the German soldier's cultural makeup and prime orienting values, this is a very readable and absorbing exploration of an "average" foot soldier involved up to his muddy ankles in the most outrageous and provocative battles in modern history. This is truly a story for the record books, one told with brutal frankness regarding the soldiers existential circumstances as well as his willful cooperation in the widespread and savage atrocities systematically ordered and committed all along the eastern front; this is a story deserving of your time and study. Imagine slogging through the heat and rain and mud and snow and ice of the campaign into and then through Poland and Russia, and retracing mile by mile, yard by yard, foot by foot as the Russians relentlessly push the 200 divisions of the German Army slowly and painfully back from all of the gains, inflicting murderous tolls along the way.

The portrait given is one revealing the levels of hardship, depravations, depravities, and extreme experiences of a common soldier involved in the most terrible and hard-fought campaign of World War Two, Operation Barbarossa. One sees how the culture from which they sprang made all of this possible, the savagery toward Russian civilians, the rampant anti-Semitism, and the butchering of everything that walked, crawled, or flew into their pathway. Indeed, the changes such experiences must make on any ordinary human being; the slow but inexorable metamorphosis from callow and self-assured young men to war and world weary cynics willing to do anything to see another tomorrow, and the vaguest hope of someday going back to home and the world, makes them into battle-hardened survivors who do what need to be done to protect themselves and their comrades with trained indifference.

This is indeed a worthwhile and well-described (which is not to say easily read) story of a view of the Wehrmacht informed by a consideration of the social and cultural factors surrounding their participation in the barbarian behavior of the German Army in the Soviet Union and elsewhere. In the last analysis, it is in the close knit circles of comrades and friends that such things become possible, and the cultural background and social factors allowing these thousands of otherwise decent young men to willingly participate in the excesses of the Gernamn Army are much more understandable in light of the factors examined and discussed herein. Finally it comes down to living in the small community of buddies and surviving in that context that becomes paramount in the day-to-day experiences. This is, in that sense at least, a very moving and graphic document in describing such experiences, and should be read and understood by any serious student of WWII.


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The Problem Of War

Previous history of the eastern war has held the average Wehrmacht combatant relatively harmless regarding atrocities against ethnic groups, civilians, and POWs. Bartov's book attempts to implicate them. His thesis is that German soldiers who came of age during the mid-30s were so steeped in National Socialist propaganda that they saw no evil in performing these war crimes. According to Bartov, they were in fact quite eager to kill these people wholesale.
I have no doubt regarding Wehrmacht ruthlessness, since these soldiers were trained to hate, to kill indiscriminately. But what is more revealing to me from Bartov's work is that these soldiers were also very human. They bolted from tank attacks, developed battle fatigue, had to be coerced to be made to fight, had to be threatened with death against desertion.
My problem with most history of this type - despite superb analyses of data and droves of new information - is that the norm of modern history writing tends to be deconstructive, is hardly without bias, tending to be forced into alignment with authorial agenda.
I simply wish the author had focused equally on the Wehrmacht's food shortages, the lack of transportation, the killing weather, the equally brutal nature of the Soviet counteroffensives and partisan warfare. This was likely the most savage war mankind has ever known. Without a complete account of the futility of such barbarity - on both sides- I doubt historians will have much impact on the problematic results of war on human society.


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